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$Obtained from liquid air by fractional distillation$

Poor water supply impacts health by causing acute infectious diarrhea, repeat or chronic diarrhea episodes, and non-diarrhoeal disease, which can arise from chemical species such as arsenic and fluoride.

$obtained from liquid air by fractional distillation$

Implications of inadequate supply of water

Supplied to the consumer – Safe to drink.

Filtration (through sand and gravel filters) to remove undissolved solids.

Here are some brief points discussing how water is treated: It does not provide information about the purity of water. This test can be carried out using cobalt chloride paperīoth tests indicate only the presence or absence of water. Water will turn anhydrous cobalt chloride from blue to pink. Water will turn anhydrous copper (II) Sulfate from white to blue This diagram below demonstrates this quite well. You are required to know the basic carbon cycle. This leads to excessive increase in the earth’s temperature, resulting global warming. However as emissions of carbon dioxide and methane increases due to human activity, an excessive amount of heat becomes trapped in the atmosphere. This means that these gases trap heat in the atmosphere in order to keep the earth warm.

Decomposition of vegetation and waste gases from digestion in animalsĬarbon dioxide and methane are greenhouse gases.

The main source of methane is as follows:

By reaction of carbonates with acids to form a salt, carbon dioxide and water.

In respiration, which occurs in cells and plants of animals and provides energy for all living processes.

By complete combustion of carbon-based fuel.

There are three main methods by which carbon dioxide is formed: Too low temperatures on the other hand, will also lower reaction rates too. This is because the forward reaction is exothermic and higher temperatures will favor the reverse reaction and therefore reducing yield. The conditions for the haber process are as follows:ĬIE likes to ask about why temperatures above 450 degrees is not used. Hydrogen is made from methane (natural gas). Please note that the forward reaction is exothermic. For example:Īmmonia is manufactured from nitrogen and hydrogen. The weak base, ammonia, is displaced from its salt by stronger bases. A typical NPK fertilizer might containing ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate, and potassium chloride. The essential plant nutrients are replaced by NPK fertilizers. These are removed from the soil when plants are harvested. Plants need the three elements nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium for healthy growth. However if the steel is galvanized, then zinc will form zinc ions instead of iron therefore preventing the formation of rust.

$obtained from liquid air by fractional distillation$

lose electrons) and become iron (III) cations which forms hydrated iron (III) oxide – which is rust. Under normal circumstances, the iron would oxidize (i.e. This is because the more reactive metal zinc (as shown in the reactivity series) will form ions more readily than iron. When the zinc coating of galvanized steel falls apart, the steel will still not rust due to sacrificial protection. Galvanising This is coating with zinc and has the great advantage of sacrificial protection (more info below).Planting – Cans of food are plated with tin.Coating with plastic – Such as freezers, garden furniture etc.Using oil or grease – Effective for moving parts of machinery to be used as a lubricant and a protective coating.Painting – For example, cars, ships, bridges etc.Most methods of rust prevention involve coating the iron or steel in order to prevent contact with water and oxygen: Therefore both oxygen and water must be present for rusting to occur. Rusting is essentially a redox reaction whereby iron reacts with the air and water to form hydrated iron (III) oxide. The term rusting is specific to iron or steel. Rusting is the red/orange coating that forms on the surface of iron when exposed to air and moisture. Nitrogen and carbon dioxide are fairly harmless, and these gases leave the car exhaust. Catalytic converts can reduce pollution by catalyzing the reactions below: Oxides of nitrogen and carbon monoxide are pollutants produced by motor vehicles. Liquid oxygen collects at the bottom of the column.Gaseous nitrogen rises to the top where it is piped off at stored.Liquid nitrogen boils at the bottom of the column.Column warmer at the bottom than the top.Liquid air passed into bottom of fractionating column.Fractional distillation (of liquid air).

$obtained from liquid air by fractional distillation$

Cooled to -200 degrees to make gas air into liquid.Nitrogen and oxygen can be separated from air by liquefying air first and then separating the two gases via fractional distillation. The composition of clean, dry air is approximately 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and the remaining 1% is a mixture of noble gases and carbon dioxide.

$Obtained from liquid air by fractional distillation$